AJP - Renal AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology
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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 258: F761-F767, 1990;
0363-6127/90 $5.00
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AJP - Renal Physiology, Vol 258, Issue 4 761-F767, Copyright © 1990 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Regulation of renal transport processes and hemodynamics by macrophages and lymphocytes

G. F. Schreiner and D. E. Kohan
Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.

Inflammatory diseases of the renal glomerulus and interstitium are characterized by numerous alterations in renal glomerular hemodynamics and tubule transport processes. The cellular mechanisms underlying these changes have been theoretically attributed to nephron toxicity and destruction. However, recent studies suggest that many of the alterations in renal physiology may be mediated by specific immune cell-derived factors. Macrophages release a variety of cytokines on activation. One of these monokines, interleukin 1, induces a natriuresis by direct inhibition of collecting duct sodium reabsorption. Glomerular macrophages release highly vasoconstrictive compounds, including leukotriene D4 and thromboxane A2. Macrophages have now been demonstrated to migrate into the renal interstitium in diseases not previously considered to have an immunological component. Acute ureteral obstruction is characterized by a rapid infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes into the kidney. Removal of the immune cell infiltrate in ureteral obstruction by irradiation markedly improves glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow and partially corrects sodium and water excretion. Such immune modulation of renal function is likely to occur in a wide variety of diseases of the kidney, many of which do not involve a primary immunological insult. We propose that the abnormalities in renal hemodynamics and in the transport of fluid and electrolytes observed in states characterized by coexistence of immune cells among renal parenchymal cells may reflect a complex immune modulation of renal cell physiology.


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{alpha}-MSH prevents impairment in renal function and dysregulation of AQPs and Na-K-ATPase in rats with bilateral ureteral obstruction
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): F384 - F396.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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