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AJP - Renal Physiology, Vol 269, Issue 6 775-F785, Copyright © 1995 by American Physiological Society
ARTICLES |
J. Terris, C. A. Ecelbarger, D. Marples, M. A. Knepper and S. Nielsen
Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
The aquaporins are a family of transmembrane proteins that function as molecular water channels. Recently, a mercurial-insensitive water channel [MIWC or aquaporin-4 (AQP4)] has been cloned, and its mRNA was found to be expressed strongly in kidney inner medulla and several nonrenal tissues. We prepared affinity-purified polyclonal antipeptide antibodies to AQP4 to define the regional distribution and cellular location of this water channel within the kidney. Immunoblotting of membrane fractions from different regions of the kidney revealed strongest expression in the base of the renal inner medulla, with detectable levels also in the inner medullary tip, but little or no expression in the outer medulla or cortex. Immunocytochemistry (light microscopy) revealed renal AQP4 labeling exclusively in the collecting duct principal cells, chiefly in the proximal two-thirds of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). Little or no expression was seen in the outer medullary and cortical collecting ducts. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated AQP4 labeling of the basolateral membrane of IMCD cells, with relatively little labeling of intracellular vesicles. Differential centrifugation of inner medullary homogenates also revealed a lack of distribution to the vesicle-enriched fraction, which contains the vasopressin-regulated water channel, aquaporin-2. In contrast to aquaporin-2 and aquaporin-3, water restriction of rats did not increase the level of AQP4 expression. These results suggest a possible role for AQP4 in the basolateral exit of water from the IMCD.
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J. E. Rash, T. Yasumura, C. S. Hudson, P. Agre, and S. Nielsen Direct immunogold labeling of aquaporin-4 in square arrays of astrocyte and ependymocyte plasma membranes in rat brain and spinal cord PNAS, September 29, 1998; 95(20): 11981 - 11986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Hamann, T. Zeuthen, M. L. Cour, E. A. Nagelhus, O. P. Ottersen, P. Agre, and S. Nielsen Aquaporins in complex tissues: distribution of aquaporins 1-5 in human and rat eye Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): C1332 - C1345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. A. Nagelhus, M. L. Veruki, R. Torp, F.-M. Haug, J. H. Laake, S. Nielsen, P. Agre, and O. P. Ottersen Aquaporin-4 Water Channel Protein in the Rat Retina and Optic Nerve: Polarized Expression in Muller Cells and Fibrous Astrocytes J. Neurosci., April 1, 1998; 18(7): 2506 - 2519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Nielsen, L. S. King, B. M. Christensen, and P. Agre Aquaporins in complex tissues. II. Subcellular distribution in respiratory and glandular tissues of rat Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): C1549 - C1561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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