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1 Division of Nephrology, Oregon Health Sciences University and the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97207; and 2 Division of Experimental Medicine and Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
Two cytosolic tyrosine kinases, focal adhesion
kinase (FAK) and the newly described FAK homolog, related adhesion
focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK, also called PYK2 and
CAK
), have been implicated in signaling to multiple
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Therefore, the
ability of NaCl and urea to activate these kinases was investigated by
in vitro kinase assay and anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting. RAFTK
was promptly but only transiently activated by urea (within 1 min;
45%), whereas NaCl activated this kinase at 1, 5, 15, and 30 min of
treatment (35-60%). In contrast, FAK exhibited only subtle
regulation by the two solutes; however, the time course of induction
was distinct for each solute. NaCl activated FAK at 1, 5, and 15 min
(25-40%), whereas urea-inducible FAK activation (30%) was not
evident until fully 15 min of treatment. At 5 min of treatment with
increasing concentrations of solute, both urea and NaCl activated RAFTK
in a dose-dependent and comparable fashion, culminating in an
approximately twofold activation at 800 mosmol/kgH2O solute.
Consistent with these data, solute treatment also enhanced tyrosine
phosphorylation of RAFTK.
mitogen-activated protein kinase; signal transduction; hypertonicity; kidney; focal adhesion kinase
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