| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas 77555-0641
The mammalian urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) performs the important function of storing urine for extended periods, while maintaining the urine composition similar to that delivered by the kidneys. The urothelium possesses four properties to perform this function. First, it offers a minimum epithelial surface area-to-urine volume; this reduces the surface area for passive movement of substances between lumen and blood. Second, the passive permeability of the apical membrane and tight junctions is very low to electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. Third, the urothelium has a hormonally regulated sodium absorptive system; thus passive movement of sodium from blood to urine is countered by active sodium reabsorption. Last, the permeability properties of the apical membrane and tight junctions of the urothelium are not altered by most substances found in the urine or blood. The importance of the barrier function of the urothelium is illustrated by infectious cystitis. The loss of the barrier function results in the movement of urinary constituents into the lamina propria and underlying muscle layers, resulting in suprapubic and lower back pain and frequent, urgent, and painful voiding.
ion transport; tight epithelium; cystitis; tissue culture
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. A. Spector, Q. Yang, L. Klopouh, J. Deng, E. J. Weinman, D. A. Steplock, R. Biswas, M. F. Brazie, J. Liu, and J. B. Wade The ROMK potassium channel is present in mammalian urinary tract epithelia and muscle Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 2008; 295(6): F1658 - F1665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Saban, M. R. Saban, J. Maier, B. Fowler, M. Tengowski, C. A. Davis, X.-R. Wu, D. J. Culkin, P. Hauser, J. Backer, et al. Urothelial expression of neuropilins and VEGF receptors in control and interstitial cystitis patients Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 2008; 295(6): F1613 - F1623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Spector, Q. Yang, and J. B. Wade High urea and creatinine concentrations and urea transporter B in mammalian urinary tract tissues Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): F467 - F474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-T. Sun Altered phenotype of cultured urothelial and other stratified epithelial cells: implications for wound healing Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): F9 - F21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. C. Smith, K. K. Grande, S. B. Rasmussen, and A. D. O'Brien Novel Three-Dimensional Organoid Model for Evaluation of the Interaction of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli with Terminally Differentiated Human Urothelial Cells Infect. Immun., January 1, 2006; 74(1): 750 - 757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F.-X. Liang, M. C. Bosland, H. Huang, R. Romih, S. Baptiste, F.-M. Deng, X.-R. Wu, E. Shapiro, and T.-T. Sun Cellular basis of urothelial squamous metaplasia: roles of lineage heterogeneity and cell replacement J. Cell Biol., December 5, 2005; 171(5): 835 - 844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Birder More than just a barrier: urothelium as a drug target for urinary bladder pain Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): F489 - F495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Mo, J. Cheng, E. Y.-H. P. Lee, T.-T. Sun, and X.-R. Wu Gene deletion in urothelium by specific expression of Cre recombinase Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): F562 - F568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-C. A. Hu, F.-X. Liang, G. Zhou, L. Tu, C.-H. A. Tang, J. Zhou, G. Kreibich, and T.-T. Sun Assembly of Urothelial Plaques: Tetraspanin Function in Membrane Protein Trafficking Mol. Biol. Cell, September 1, 2005; 16(9): 3937 - 3950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. B. Oleksiewicz, I. Thorup, H. S. Nielsen, H. V. Andersen, A. C. Hegelund, L. Iversen, T. S. Guldberg, P. R. Brinck, I. Sjogren, U. K. Thinggaard, et al. Generalized Cellular Hypertrophy is Induced by a Dual-Acting PPAR Agonist in Rat Urinary Bladder Urothelium In Vivo Toxicol Pathol, August 1, 2005; 33(5): 552 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. R. Cross, I. Eardley, H. J. Leese, and J. Southgate A biomimetic tissue from cultured normal human urothelial cells: analysis of physiological function Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): F459 - F468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-T. Kong, F.-M. Deng, P. Hu, F.-X. Liang, G. Zhou, A. B. Auerbach, N. Genieser, P. K. Nelson, E. S. Robbins, E. Shapiro, et al. Roles of uroplakins in plaque formation, umbrella cell enlargement, and urinary tract diseases J. Cell Biol., December 20, 2004; 167(6): 1195 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Fisher, I. Levitan, and S. S. Margulies Plasma Membrane Surface Increases with Tonic Stretch of Alveolar Epithelial Cells Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., August 1, 2004; 31(2): 200 - 208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Acharya, J. Beckel, W. G. Ruiz, E. Wang, R. Rojas, L. Birder, and G. Apodaca Distribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4, -8, and -12 in bladder epithelium Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, August 1, 2004; 287(2): F305 - F318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Spector, Q. Yang, J. Liu, and J. B. Wade Expression, localization, and regulation of urea transporter B in rat urothelia Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2004; 287(1): F102 - F108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kanai, M. Epperly, L. Pearce, L. Birder, M. Zeidel, S. Meyers, J. Greenberger, W. de Groat, G. Apodaca, and J. Peterson Differing roles of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase in cardiomyocytes and urothelial cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): H13 - H21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Min, G. Zhou, M. Schapira, T.-T. Sun, and X.-P. Kong Structural basis of urothelial permeability barrier function as revealed by Cryo-EM studies of the 16 nm uroplakin particle J. Cell Sci., October 15, 2003; 116(20): 4087 - 4094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. Y. Wang, J.-M. Lee, J. P. Johnson, T. R. Kleyman, R. Bridges, and G. Apodaca Hydrostatic pressure-regulated ion transport in bladder uroepithelium Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): F651 - F663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. G. Anderson, J. J. Palermo, J. D. Schilling, R. Roth, J. Heuser, and S. J. Hultgren Intracellular Bacterial Biofilm-Like Pods in Urinary Tract Infections Science, July 4, 2003; 301(5629): 105 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rickard and J. McHowat Phospholipid metabolite production in human urothelial cells after protease-activated receptor cleavage Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2002; 283(5): F944 - F951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Mulvey, J. D. Schilling, and S. J. Hultgren Establishment of a Persistent Escherichia coli Reservoir during the Acute Phase of a Bladder Infection Infect. Immun., July 1, 2001; 69(7): 4572 - 4579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. P. Hamill and B. Martinac Molecular Basis of Mechanotransduction in Living Cells Physiol Rev, April 1, 2001; 81(2): 685 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Spector, J. B. Wade, R. Dillow, D. A. Steplock, and E. J. Weinman Expression, localization, and regulation of aquaporin-1 to -3 in rat urothelia Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): F1034 - F1042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
