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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 278: F875-F885, 2000;
0363-6127/00 $5.00
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Vol. 278, Issue 6, F875-F885, June 2000

Effect of intraperitoneal pressures on tissue water of the abdominal muscle

El Rasheid Zakaria, Joanne Lofthouse, and Michael F. Flessner

Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642

A major factor that affects solute and water transport through tissue is the state of tissue hydration. The amount of interstitial water directly affects the transport coefficients for both diffusion and convection. To investigate the effect of simultaneous exposure of tissue to hydrostatic and osmotic pressures on the state of tissue hydration and the pattern of distribution of tissue water, we dialyzed rats with isotonic (290 mosmol/kg) or hypertonic (510 mosmol/kg) solution at intraperitoneal pressures (Pip) between 0 and 6 mmHg, and we infused isotopic markers intravenously and determined their equilibrium distribution volumes (VD) in the anterior abdominal muscle (AAM) by quantitative autoradiography. Total tissue water volume (theta TW) was determined from dry-to-wet weight ratios. theta urea, the VD of [14C]urea, equals the sum of the extracellular water volume (theta EC, VD of [14C]mannitol) and intracellular water volume (theta IC = theta urea - theta EC). If theta if = interstitial water volume and theta IV = vascular water volume (VD of 131I-labeled IgG), then theta EC = theta if + theta IV. AAM hydrostatic pressure profiles were measured by a micropipette/servo-null system and demonstrated that elevation of Pip above 3 mmHg significantly (P < 0.05) increases mean tissue pressure (PT) to the same level regardless of intraperitoneal osmolality. The increase in PT resulted in a nonlinear tissue expansion primarily in the interstitium regardless of osmolality. From 0 to 6 mmHg, theta if (in ml/g dry tissue) increased from 0.59 ± 0.02 to 1.7 ± 0.05 and to 1.5 ± 0.05 after isotonic and hypertonic dialysis, respectively, whereas theta IC increased from 2.8 ± 0.08 to 3.0 ± 0.1 after isotonic dialysis and decreased to 2.6 ± 0.1 after hypertonic dialysis. After dialysis at 6 mmHg with isotonic or hypertonic solutions, theta IV increased from 0.034 ± 0.001 to 0.049 ± 0.001 and 0.042 ± 0.002, respectively. theta urea during hypertonic dialysis at Pip between 0 and 6 mmHg increased in a nonlinear fashion (F = 26.3, P < 0.001), whereas theta IC invariably decreased (F = 11.1, P < 0.001) and theta if doubled from its control value at low Pip. In conclusion, elevation of intraperitoneal hydrostatic pressure causes tissue expansion, primarily in interstitium, irrespective of osmolality of the bathing solution. Tissue hydrostatic pressure is therefore the primary determinant of tissue properties with respect to hydration, which in turn affects diffusive and convective transport.

interstitium; peritoneal dialysis; hydraulic conductivity; transport; convection


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