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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282: F458-F464, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00173.2001
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Vol. 282, Issue 3, F458-F464, March 2002

Role of NO in endothelin-regulated drug transport in the renal proximal tubule

Sylvia Notenboom1,3, David S. Miller2,3, Paul Smits1, Frans G. M. Russel1, and Rosalinde Masereeuw1

1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 2 Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; and 3 Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672

We previously demonstrated in intact killifish renal proximal tubules that endothelin (ET), acting through an ETB receptor and protein kinase C (PKC), reduced transport mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), i.e., luminal accumulation of fluorescein methotrexate (FL-MTX) (Masereeuw R, Terlouw SA, Van Aubel RAMH, Russel FGM, and Miller DS. Mol Pharmacol 57: 59-67, 2000). In the present study, we used confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis to measure Mrp2-mediated transport of FL-MTX in killifish tubules as an indicator of the status of this ET-fired, intracellular signaling pathway. Exposing tubules to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, signaled a reduction in luminal accumulation of FL-MTX, which suggested pathway activation. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an NO synthase inhibitor, blocked the action of ET-1 on transport. Because SNP effects on transport were blocked by bisindoylmaleide, a PKC-selective inhibitor, but not by RES-701-1, an ETB-receptor antagonist, generation of NO occurred after ETB receptor signaling but before PKC activation. NO generation was implicated in the actions of several nephrotoxicants, i.e., diatrizoate, gentamicin, amikacin, HgCl2, and CdCl2, each of which decreased Mrp2-mediated transport by activating ET signaling. For each nephrotoxicant, decreased FL-MTX transport was prevented when tubules were exposed to L-NMMA. ET-1 and each nephrotoxicant stimulated NO production by the tubules, as determined by a fluorescence-based assay. Together, the data show that NO generation follows ET binding to the basolateral ETB receptor and that, in activating the ET-signaling pathway, nephrotoxicants produce NO, a molecule that could contribute to subsequent toxic effects.

multidrug resistance-associated protein 2; calcium; endothelin signaling; protein kinase C; xenobiotic transport; nitric oxide


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