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Department of 1 Pediatrics and 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0676
The
transmembrane sialoglycoprotein podocalyxin is thought to be essential
in the fine interdigitating foot process structure of the podocyte. The
intracellular COOH-terminal amino acids Asp-Thr-His-Leu (DTHL) of
podocalyxin comprise a putative ligand for a type I PSD95-Dlg-zona
occludens-1 (PDZ) domain. A 20-amino acid synthetic peptide
containing this motif was used to screen a cDNA library, and clones of
rabbit Na+/H+ exchange regulatory factor-2
(NHERF-2) were obtained. In vitro analysis demonstrated that each PDZ
domain of NHERF-2 could bind podocalyxin independently. NHERF-2
coprecipitated from glomerular extracts with podocalyxin, and
podocalyxin and NHERF-2 colocalized in the glomerular capillary loops,
indicating that podocalyxin and NHERF-2 may interact in vivo.
Podocalyxin peptide missing the terminal leucine (
DTHL) failed to
interact with NHERF-2 in vitro. Podocalyxin localized to the apical
membrane of transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.
However, mutant podocalyxin (missing a functional DTHL COOH-terminal
motif) showed cytoplasmic and apical membrane localization in
transfected cells and was also less stable at the apical membrane, as
assessed by confocal microscopy and biotinylation studies. Mutant
podocalyxin did lower the transepithelial resistance of MDCK cell
monolayers, albeit to a lesser extent than full-length podocalyxin. We
conclude that podocalyxin can interact with both PDZ domains of NHERF-2
and that this interaction requires the intact COOH terminus of
podocalyxin, which is also responsible for the efficient apical
localization of podocalyxin in transfected MDCK cells. These results
suggest that the interaction of podocalyxin with NHERF-2 may function to efficiently retain podocalyxin at the apical surface of the podocyte
and provide a mechanism linking podocalyxin to the actin cytoskeleton.
podocyte; sialomucin; E3KARP; PSD95-Dlg-zona occludens-1 domain
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