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1 The Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32080; 2 Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1603; and 3 Department of Animal Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8521
Mammalian renal inner medullary
(IM) cells routinely face and resist hypertonic stress. Such stress
causes DNA damage to which IM cells respond with cell cycle arrest. We
report that three growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45)
isoforms (GADD45
, GADDD45
, and GADD45
) are induced by acute
hypertonicity in murine IM cells. Maximum induction occurs 16-18 h
after the onset of hypertonicity. GADD45
is induced more strongly
(7-fold) than GADD45
(3-fold) and GADD45
(2-fold). GADD45
and
GADD45
protein induction is more pronounced and stable compared with
the corresponding transcripts. Hypertonicity of various forms (NaCl,
KCl, sorbitol, or mannitol) always induces GADD45 transcripts, whereas
nonhypertonic hyperosmolality (urea) has no effect. Actinomycin D does
not prevent hypertonic GADD45 induction, indicating that mRNA
stabilization is the mechanism that mediates this induction.
GADD45 induction patterns in IM cells exposed to 10 different stresses
suggest isoform specificity, but similar functions, of individual
isoforms during hypertonicity, heat shock, and heavy metal stress, when GADD45
induction is strongest (17-fold). These data associate all
known GADD45 isoforms with the hypertonicity phenotype of renal IM cells.
cell cycle; hypertonicity; nephrotoxins; kidney inner medulla
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