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INVITED REVIEW

Lipoxins: endogenous regulators of inflammation

Centre for Molecular Inflammation and Vascular Research, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Dublin, Ireland

Over the past decade, compelling in vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted lipoxins (LXs) and aspirin-triggered LXs (ATLs) as endogenously produced anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. LXs and ATLs elicit distinct anti-inflammatory and proresolution bioactions that include inhibition of leukocyte-mediated injury, stimulation of macrophage clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, repression of proinflammatory cytokine production, modulation of cytokine-stimulated metalloproteinase activity, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. An overview of recent advances in LX physiology is provided, with particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular processes involved. These data coupled with in vivo models of inflammatory diseases suggest that LX bioactions may be amenable to pharmacological mimicry for therapeutic gain.

mesangial and tubular epithelial cells; lipoxin A₄ receptor

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