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INVITED REVIEW
1Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and 2Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030
The adaptation to hypertonicity in mammalian cells is driven by multiple signaling pathways that include p38 kinase, Fyn, the catalytic subunit of PKA, ATM, and JNK2. In addition to the well-characterized tonicity enhancer (TonE)-TonE binding protein interaction, other transcription factors (and their respective cis elements) can potentially respond to hypertonicity. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the signaling pathways that regulate the adaptive response to osmotic stress and discusses new insights from yeast that could be relevant to the osmostress response in mammals.
osmostress; tonicity enhancer/osmotic response element; tonicity enhancer binding protein; p38 kinase; ERK; JNK; osmolytes
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