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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290: F563-F571, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00220.2005
0363-6127/06 $8.00
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INVITED REVIEW

Products of heme oxygenase and their potential therapeutic applications

Kristin A. Kirkby and Christopher A. Adin

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is induced in response to cellular stress and is responsible for converting the prooxidant heme molecule into equimolar quantities of biliverdin (BV), carbon monoxide (CO), and iron. BV is then converted to bilirubin (BR) by the enzyme biliverdin reductase. Experimental evidence suggests that induction of the HO system is an important endogenous mechanism for cytoprotection and that the downstream products of heme degradation, CO, BR, and BV, may mediate these powerful beneficial effects. These molecules, which were once considered to be toxic metabolic waste products, have recently been shown to have dose-dependent vasodilatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that are particularly desirable for tissue protection during organ transplantation. In fact, recent work has demonstrated that administration of exogenous CO, BR, or BV may offer a simple, inexpensive method to substitute for the cytoprotective effects of HO-1 in a variety of clinically applicable models. This review will attempt to summarize the relevant biochemical and cytoprotective properties of CO, BR, and BV, and will discuss emerging studies involving the therapeutic applications of these molecules in the kidney and other organ systems.

bilirubin; biliverdin; carbon monoxide; ischemia-reperfusion injury


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. A. Adin, The Comparative Nephrology and Transplantation Laboratory, Dept. of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, PO Box 100126, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0126 (e-mail: adinc{at}mail.vetmed.ufl.edu)




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