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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293: F643-F654, 2007. First published June 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00228.2007
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INVITED REVIEW

Phosphate transporters: a tale of two solute carrier families

Leila V. Virkki, Jürg Biber, Heini Murer, and Ian C. Forster

Institute of Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Submitted 16 May 2007 ; accepted in final form 14 June 2007

Phosphate is an essential component of life and must be actively transported into cells against its electrochemical gradient. In vertebrates, two unrelated families of Na+-dependent Pi transporters carry out this task. Remarkably, the two families transport different Pi species: whereas type II Na+/Pi cotransporters (SCL34) prefer divalent HPO42–, type III Na+/Pi cotransporters (SLC20) transport monovalent H2PO4–. The SCL34 family comprises both electrogenic and electroneutral members that are expressed in various epithelia and other polarized cells. Through regulated activity in apical membranes of the gut and kidney, they maintain body Pi homeostasis, and in salivary and mammary glands, liver, and testes they play a role in modulating the Pi content of luminal fluids. The two SLC20 family members PiT-1 and PiT-2 are electrogenic and ubiquitously expressed and may serve a housekeeping role for cell Pi homeostasis; however, also more specific roles are emerging for these transporters in, for example, bone mineralization. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the characterization of the transport kinetics, structure-function relationships, and physiological implications of having two distinct Na+/Pi cotransporter families.

phosphate; cotransport; electrophysiology; structure-function


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: I. C. Forster, Institute of Physiology, Univ. of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland (e-mail: Iforster{at}access.uzh.ch)






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