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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295: F335-F342, 2008. First published April 16, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00077.2008
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INVITED REVIEW

Regulatory immune cells in kidney disease

V. W. S. Lee,1 Y. M. Wang,2 Y. P. Wang,1 D. Zheng,1 T. Polhill,2 Q. Cao,1 H. Wu,3 I. E. Alexander,4 S. I. Alexander,2 and D. C. H. Harris1

1Centre of Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute at University of Sydney, 2Centre for Kidney Research and 4Gene Therapy Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead; and 3Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Lymphocytes and macrophages act as effector immune cells in the initiation and progression of renal injury. Recent data have shown that subpopulations of these immune cells (regulatory T lymphocytes and alternately-activated or regulatory macrophages) are potent modulators of tissue injury and repair in renal disease. Recent animal studies examining the therapeutic effect of these cells raise the exciting possibility that strategies targeting these cell types may be effective in treating and preventing kidney disease in humans. This review will describe their biological role in experimental kidney disease and therapeutic potential in clinical nephrology.

regulatory T lymphocytes; FoxP3; macrophages; dendritic cells; immunotherapy


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: V. W. S. Lee, Dept. of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia (e-mail: vincent_lee{at}wmi.usyd.edu.au)






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