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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296: F912-F921, 2009. First published February 11, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90575.2008
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Glyoxalase I overexpression ameliorates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Takanori Kumagai,1 Masaomi Nangaku,1 Ichiro Kojima,1 Ryoji Nagai,2 Julie R. Ingelfinger,3 Toshio Miyata,4 Toshiro Fujita,1 and Reiko Inagi1

1Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo; 2Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto; 3Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and 4Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research on Human Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

Submitted 24 September 2008 ; accepted in final form 8 February 2009

Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive carbonyl compound generated by carbohydrate oxidation and glycolysis, is the major precursor of protein glycation and induces cytotoxicity leading to apoptosis. Although recent studies have emphasized that MG accumulates in not only chronic oxidative stress-related diseases but also acute hypoxic conditions, the pathogenic contribution of MG in acute diseases is unclear. MG is efficiently metabolized by the glyoxalase system, namely, glyoxalase I. We investigated the pathophysiological role of glyoxalase I as an MG detoxifier in rat renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R-induced tubulointerstitial injury was associated with a deterioration in renal glyoxalase I activity independent of its cofactor, GSH, as well as an increase in renal MG level. In in vitro studies, knockdown of glyoxalase I by small interference RNA transfection in rat tubular cells exacerbated cell death by hypoxia-reoxygenation compared with control cells. We also examined whether glyoxalase I overexpression prevented renal I/R damage in rats overexpressing human glyoxalase I with enzyme activity in the kidney 17-fold higher than in wild-type. The histological and functional manifestations of I/R in these rats were significantly ameliorated in association with a decrease in intracellular MG adduct accumulation, oxidative stress, and tubular cell apoptosis. In conclusion, glyoxalase I exerts renoprotective effects in renal I/R injury via a reduction in MG accumulation in tubular cells.

acute renal failure; advanced glycation end products; methylglyoxal; oxidative stress; tubular cells


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: R. Inagi, Div. of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Univ. of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan (e-mail: inagi-npr{at}umin.ac.jp)






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