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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 296/6/F1439    most recent 90411.2008v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Elwi, A. N. Articles by Cass, C. E. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Elwi, A. N. Articles by Cass, C. E.

Transepithelial fluxes of adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine across human renal proximal tubule cells: roles of nucleoside transporters hENT1, hENT2, and hCNT3

¹Membrane Protein Research Group and Departments of ²Biochemistry, ³Oncology, and ⁴Physiology, University of Alberta and Departments of ⁵Experimental and ⁶Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and ⁷Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Submitted 14 July 2008 ; accepted in final form 11 March 2009

This study examined the roles of human nucleoside transporters (hNTs) in mediating transepithelial fluxes of adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, and three purine nucleoside anti-cancer drugs across polarized monolayers of human renal proximal tubule cells (hRPTCs), which were shown in previous studies to have human equilibrative NT 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) and human concentrative NT 3 (hCNT3) activities (11). Early passage hRPTCs were cultured on transwell inserts under conditions that induced formation of polarized monolayers with experimentally accessible apical and basolateral domains. Polarized hRPTC cultures were monitored for inhibitor sensitivities and sodium-dependence of the following: 1) transepithelial fluxes of radiolabeled adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, fludarabine (9-β-D-arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine), cladribine (2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine), and clofarabine (2-chloro-2'-fluoro-deoxy-9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine); 2) mediated uptake of radiolabeled adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, fludarabine, cladribine, and clofarabine from either apical or basolateral surfaces; and 3) relative apical cell surface hCNT3 protein levels. Transepithelial fluxes of adenosine were mediated from apical-to-basolateral sides by apical hCNT3 and basolateral hENT2, whereas transepithelial fluxes of 2'-deoxyadenosine were mediated from basolateral-to-apical sides by apical hENT1 and basolateral human organic anion transporters (hOATs). The transepithelial fluxes of adenosine, hCNT3-mediated cellular uptake of adenosine, and relative apical cell surface hCNT3 protein levels correlated positively in polarized hRPTCs. The purine nucleoside anti-cancer drugs fludarabine, cladribine, and clofarabine, like adenosine exhibited apical-to-basolateral fluxes. Collectively, this evidence suggested that apical hCNT3 and basolateral hENT2 are involved in proximal tubular reabsorption of adenosine and some nucleoside drugs and that apical hENT1 and basolateral hOATs are involved in proximal tubular secretion of 2'-deoxyadenosine.

kidney; fludarabine; cladribine; clofarabine