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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (January 8, 2002). doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00006.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print January 8, 2002
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 10.1152/ajprenal.00006.2001
Submitted on January 9, 2001
Accepted on December 31, 1969

MECHANISMS USED TO DISPOSE OF A PROGRESSIVELY INCREASING ALKALI LOAD IN THE RAT

Surinder Cheema-Dhadli1, Shih-Hua Lin2, and Mitchell L Halperin1*

1 Renal Division, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2 Renal Division, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Mitchell.halperin{at}utoronto.ca.

Our objective was to describe the process of alkali disposal in the rat. Balance studies were performed while giving incremental loads of alkali to rats fed either a low-alkali diet or their usual alkaline ash diet. Control groups received equimolar NaCl or KCl. Virtually all of the alkali was eliminated within 24-h when its dose exceeded 750 µmol. The most sensitive response to alkali input was a decline in the excretion of ammonium. The next level of response was to increase the excretion of unmeasured anions; this rise was quantitatively the most important process to eliminate alkali. The maximum excretion of citrate was ~70% of its filtered load. An even higher alkali load augmented the excretion of 2-oxoglutarate to > 400% of its filtered load. Only with largest alkali load did bicarbonaturia become quantitatively important. We conclude that renal mechanisms eliminate alkali while minimizing bicarbonaturia. This provides a way to limit changes in urine pH without sacrificing acid-base balance, a process that might lessen the risk of kidney stone formation.




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