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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (February 20, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00017.2002
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Submitted on January 14, 2002
Accepted on February 11, 2003

REDOX REGULATION OF HIF-1{alpha} LEVELS AND HO-1 EXPRESSION IN RENAL MEDULLARY INTERSTITIAL CELLS

Zhi-Zhang Yang1, Andrew Y. Zhang1, Fu-Xian Yi1, Pin-Lan Li1, and Ai-Ping Zou1*

1 Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: azou{at}mcw.edu.

The present study hypothesized that superoxide (O2.-) importantly contributes to the regulation of HIF-1{alpha} expression at posttranscriptional levels in renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs) of rats. By Western blot analysis, it was found that incubation of RMICs with O2.- generators, xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) and menadione significantly inhibited hypoxia- or CoCl2-induced increase in HIF-1{alpha}levels and completely blocked the increase in HIF-1{alpha} levels induced by ubiquitin-proteasome inhibition with CBZ-LLL in the nuclear extracts from these cells. Under normoxic condition, a cell permeable O2.- dismutase (SOD) mimetic, 4-hydroxyl-tetramethylpiperidin-oxyl (TEMPOL) and PEG-SOD significantly increased HIF-1{alpha} levels in RMICs. Two mechanistically different inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and apocynin were also found to increase HIF-1{alpha} levels in these renal cells. Moreover, introduction of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide specific to NAD(P)H oxidase subunit, p22phox into RMICs markedly increased HIF-1{alpha}levels. In contrast, OH. scavenger tetramethylthiourea (TMTU) had no effect on the accumulation of HIF-1{alpha} in these renal cells. By Northern blot analysis, scavenging or dismutation of O2.- by TEMPOL and PEG-SOD was found to increase the mRNA levels of a HIF-1{alpha}-targeted gene, heme oxygenase-1. These results indicate that increased intracellular O2.- levels induces HIF-1{alpha} degradation independent of H2O2 and OH. radicals in RMICs. NAD(P)H oxidase activity may importantly contributes to this posttranscriptional regulation of HIF-1{alpha} in these cells under physiological condition.




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