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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (July 23, 2008). doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00049.2008
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Submitted on January 28, 2008
Accepted on July 18, 2008

Developmental programming of a reduced nephron endowment: more than just a baby’s birth-weight

Karen M Moritz1*, Reetu R Singh2, Megan E. Probyn1, and Kate M. Denton3

1 School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
2 Anatomy and Cell Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
3 Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: k.moritz{at}uq.edu.au.

The risk of developing many adult onset diseases, including hypertension, type II diabetes and renal disease is increased in individuals born of a low birth weight. A potential underlying mechanism contributing to the onset of these diseases is the formation of a low nephron endowment during development. Evidence from the human, as well as many experimental animal models, has found a strong association between being born of a low weight and having a reduced nephron endowment. However, other animal models, particularly those in which the mother is exposed to elevated glucocorticoids for a short period, have shown a 20-40% reduction in nephron endowment without discernible changes in the birth weight of offspring. This highlights that a low birth weight is one but certainly not the only predictor of nephron endowment and suggests that even individuals born of a normal birth weight could potentially have a reduced nephron endowment and be at risk of developing adult onset disease. Recognition of the dissociation between birth-weight and nephron endowment is important for future studies aimed at elucidating the role of a reduced nephron endowment in the developmental programming of adult disease.




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