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1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
2 Institute of Biochemistry, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
3 Federal Center for Meat Research, Kulmbach, Germany
4 Charite Campus Buch, Franz Volhard Clinic, HELIOS Klinikum-Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jens.titze{at}rzmail.uni-erlangen.de.
The idea that Na+ retention inevitably leads to water retention is compelling; however, were Na+ accumulation in part osmotically inactive, regulatory alternatives would be available. We speculated that in DOCA-salt rats Na+ accumulation is excessive relative to water. Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four subgroups. Groups 1 and 2 (controls) received tap water or 1% saline (salt) for 5 weeks. Groups 3 and 4 received subcutaneous DOCA pellets and tap water or salt. Na+, K+, and water were measured in skin, bone, muscle, and total body by desiccation and consecutive dry ashing. DOCA-salt led to total body Na+ (TBNa+) excess (0.255±0.022 versus 0.170±0.010 mmol/g dry weight; P<0.001), while water retention was only moderate (0.685±0.119 versus 0.648±0.130 ml/g wet weight; P<0.001). Muscle Na+ retention (0.220±0.029 versus 0.145±0.021 mmol/g dry weight; P<0.01) in DOCA-salt was compensated by muscle K+ loss, indicating osmotically neutral Na+/K+ exchange. Skin Na+ retention (0.267±0.049 versus 0.152±0.014 mmol/g dry weight; P<0.001) in DOCA-salt rats was not balanced by K+ loss, indicating osmotically inactive skin Na+ storage. We conclude that DOCA-salt leads to tissue Na+ excess relative to water. The relative Na+ excess is achieved by two distinct mechanisms, namely osmotically inactive Na+ storage, and osmotically neutral Na+ retention balanced by K+ loss. This "internal Na+ escape" allows the maintenance of volume homeostasis despite increased TBNa+.
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