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1 Biomedical Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
2 Physiology & Biophysiccs, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
3 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ki.chon{at}sunysb.edu.
We have previously shown that nonlinear interactions between the two renal autoregulatory mechanics (tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and the myogenic mechanism) were observed in the stop flow pressure (SFP) and whole kidney blood flow data from Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR) using time-invariant bispectrum analysis (3; 4). No such nonlinear interactions were observed in either SFP or whole kidney blood flow data obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We have speculated that the failure to detect nonlinear interactions in the SHR data may be related to our observation that these interactions were not continuous and therefore had time varying characteristics. Thus, the absence of such nonlinear interactions may be due to an inappropriate time invariant method being applied to data that are especially time varying in nature. We examine this possibility in this paper by utilizing a time varying bispectrum approach, which we have developed for this purpose. Indeed, we found significant nonlinear interactions in SHR (n = 18 for SFP; n = 12 for whole kidney blood flow). Moreover, the duration of nonlinear coupling is found statistically to be longer (p = 0.001) in SFP data from either SDR or SHR than it is in whole kidney data from either type of rat. We conclude that nonlinear coupling is present at both the single nephron as well as the whole kidney level for SDR and SHR. In addition, SHR data at the whole kidney level exhibit the most transient nonlinear coupling phenomena.
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