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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (February 4, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00368.2002
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Submitted on October 11, 2002
Accepted on January 28, 2003

Renal expression of sodium transporters and aquaporin-2 in hypothyroid rats

Roland Schmitt1, Enno Klussmann2, Thomas Kahl1, David H. Ellison3, and Sebastian Bachmann1*

1 Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty of the Charite, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
2 Forschungsinstitut fuer Molekulare Pharmakologie, Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
3 Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Clinical Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences, University, Portland, Oregon, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sbachm{at}charite.de.

Hypothyroidism is associated with significant abnormalities in the renal handling of salt and water. To address the involvement of tubular transport proteins in these abnormalities, rats were rendered pharmacologically hypothyroid and the abundance of major tubular transport proteins was assessed by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Hypothyroidism resulted in a marked reduction in kidney size and creatinine clearance along with decreased or unchanged total kidney abundance of the transport proteins. Whereas the proximal tubular type 3 Na/H exchanger (NHE3) and type 2 Na-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi2) stood out by their disproportionately reduced abundance, the bumetanide-sensitive type 2 Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) were unaltered in their total kidney abundance in spite of a markedly lower kidney mass. The latter proteins in fact showed enhanced immunostaining. Decreased NHE3 and NaPi2 expression was most likely due to a combination of T3 deficiency along with a reduced GFR. The increased abundance of NKCC2 and AQP2 may have been caused by an increased action of vasopressin since urinary excretion of this hormone was elevated. On the other hand the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC), the {alpha}-, {beta}- and {gamma}-subunits of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na channel (ENaC) and the {alpha}1-subunit of Na,K-ATPase showed a moderate decrease in total kidney abundance which was largely proportional to the smaller kidney mass. Although the observed expression of transporters was associated with a balanced renal sodium handling, altered transporter abundance may become functionally relevant if the hypothyroid kidney is challenged by an additional destabilization of the milieu interieur which has previously been shown to result in an inadequate natriuresis and clinical symptoms.




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