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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print May 29, 2002
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 10.1152/ajprenal.00375.2001
Submitted on December 26, 2001
Accepted on May 20, 2002
1 Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
2 Department of Physiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jao7{at}columbia.edu.
Renal epithelial cells derive either from cells of the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) or ureteric bud cells but the origin of other renal cells is unclear. To test whether MM contain cells that generate cells other than epithelia, we examined the developmental potential of a MM cell line (7.1.1 cells) and of primary cultures of MM cells. 7.1.1 cells express both mesenchymal and epithelial markers and upon confluence form well defined monolayers expressing epithelial junctional proteins. However, 7.1.1 cells as well as primary cultures of MM cells also generate spindle-shaped cells that are positive for 
SMA, indicating that they are myofibroblasts and/or smooth muscle; this differentiation pathway is inhibited by collagen IV and enhanced by fetal calf serum or TGFß1. TGFß1 also induces expression of smooth muscle proteins, indicating that the cells differentiate into smooth muscle. 7.1.1 cells as well as primary cultures of MM cells also express VEGFR-2 and Tie-2 suggesting that the MM cells which generate epithelia may also differentiate into endothelial cells. The pluripotency of the 7.1.1 cells is self-renewing. The data suggest that MM contain embryonic renal stem cells.
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