Schwann cells (Sc), associated axons, and nearby vascular endothelium constitute a functional trilogy of major importance during the development and regrowth of peripheral vascular nerves. The goal of the present study is to provide a technique of triple fluorescence confocal imaging of these cell types along renal preglomerular vessels. We took advantage of a protein S100B / EGFP transgenic mouse to visualize Sc. The endothelium was labelled with an i.v. injection of fluorescently-tagged lectin, and after tissue processing, adrenergic nerves were revealed with an antibody against the marker protein synaptophysin. As a validation step, we found that EGFP-positive, perivascular cells with prominent cell bodies and extensive, multidirectional cell processes were protein S100B-positive. They were identified as Sc, and indirectly assumed to be unmyelinated Sc. By contrast, we found strong EGFP expression in proximal epithelial cells and in the epithelium lining thin limbs of Henle. This epithelial fluorescence was not associated with immunoreactive protein S100B and thus corresponded to ectopic EGFP expressions in this mouse strain. Sc were organized in bundles or as a meshwork surrounding the preglomerular vasculature from arcuate arteries to afferent arterioles No Sc were detected in the medulla. Although most Sc were closely apposed to adrenergic varicosities, many varicosities were not associated with detectable Sc processes. The present technique, and the capacity of confocal microscopy to yield three-dimensional imaging allow the study of the microtopology of Sc and related sympathetic axons in the renal perivascular interstitium.