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Increased apical targeting of renal ENaC subunits and decreased expression of 11HSD2 in HgCl₂-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats

¹The Water and Salt Research Center, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C; ²Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju; ³Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C; ⁴Department of Anatomy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; ⁵Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and ⁶Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark

Submitted 2 March 2005 ; accepted in final form 25 September 2005

Nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by sodium retention and generalized edema. We hypothesize that dysregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and/or of sodium (co)transporters may be responsible for the increased sodium retention associated with HgCl₂-induced nephropathy. In addition, we examined the hypothesis that the expression of type 2 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD2) is reduced, contributing to the enhanced mineralocorticoid activity. Membranous nephropathy was induced in Brown Norway rats by repeated injections of HgCl₂ (1 mg/kg sc), whereas the control group received only vehicle. After 13 days of treatment, the abundance of ENaC subunits, sodium (co)transporters, and 11HSD2 in the kidney was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. HgCl₂ treatment induced marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, decreased urinary sodium excretion, and ascites. The protein abundance of -ENaC was increased in the cortex/outer stripe of outer medulla (OSOM) and inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM). The protein abundances of -ENaC and -ENaC were decreased in the cortex/OSOM while increased in the ISOM. Immunoperoxidase microscopy demonstrated increased targeting of ENaC subunits to the apical plasma membrane in the distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, and cortical and medullary collecting duct segments. Moreover, 11HSD2 abundance was decreased in cortex/OSOM and ISOM. The protein abundances of type 3 Na/H exchanger (NHE3), Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2), and thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) were decreased. Moreover, the abundance of the -1 subunit of the Na-K-ATPase was decreased in the cortex/OSOM and ISOM but remained unchanged in the inner medulla. These results suggest that increased apical targeting of ENaC subunits combined with diminished abundance of 11HSD2 may contribute to sodium retention associated with HgCl₂-induced nephrotic syndrome. The decreased abundance of NHE3, NKCC2, NCC, and Na-K-ATPase may play a compensatory role in promoting sodium excretion.

epithelial sodium channel; type 2 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; collecting duct

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