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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (April 8, 2009). doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90756.2008
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Submitted on December 19, 2008
Revised on April 7, 2009
Accepted on April 7, 2009

Electrohydraulic pump-driven closed-loop blood pressure regulatory system

Kin L Siu, Jaemok M. Ahn1, and Ki H. Chon2*

1 Hallym university
2 SUNY - Stony Brook

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ki.chon{at}sunysb.edu.

In this paper, we describe our design for a new electrohydraulic (EH) pump-driven renal perfusion pressure (RPP) regulatory system capable of implementing precise and rapid RPP regulation in experimental animals. Without this automated system, RPP is manually controlled via a blood pressure clamp, and the imprecision in this method leads to compromised RPP data. This motivated us to develop an EH pump-driven closed-loop blood pressure regulatory system based on flow-mediated occlusion using the vascular occlusive cuff technique. A closed-loop servo-controller system based on a proportional plus integral (PI) controller was designed using the dynamic feedback RPP signal from animals. In vivo performance was evaluated via flow-mediated RPP occlusion, maintenance, and release responses during baseline and angiotensin II infused conditions. A step change of -30 mmHg, referenced to normal RPP, was applied to Sprague-Dawley rats with the proposed system to assess the performance of the PI controller. The PI's performance under baseline conditions was compared against manual control of blood pressure clamp to regulate RPP, and was found to be significantly better. Rapid RPP occlusion (within 3 seconds) and a release time of approximately 0.3 seconds were obtained for the PI controller for both baseline and Ang II infusion. We concluded that the proposed EH RPP regulatory system could fulfill in vivo needs to study various pressure-flow relationships in diverse fields of physiology, in particular, studying the dynamics of the renal autoregulatory mechanisms.







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